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Quietest air ratchet: Ingersoll Rand's 105-D3 lists 81.8 dB(A) on ISO 15744

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· 7 min read

Illustration of a pneumatic ratchet wrench with a socket on its head beside a coiled air hose and a few bolts

Ingersoll Rand's 105-D3 lists 81.8 dB(A) sound pressure and 92.8 sound power under ISO 15744, the lowest 3/8 in. figure among the Ingersoll Rand and Chicago Pneumatic air ratchets we found; its 1/4 in. extended head twin, the 105-L2, lists 81.6.

Chicago Pneumatic's CP9427 lists 82 on the same test. Among cordless ratchets declared under EN62841-2-2, Makita's XRW01Z and RW01Z share the lowest figure, 77 dB(A).

AIRCAT's 811 prints 76 and Milwaukee's 2457-20 prints 72, but neither names a test, so each ranks only within its own brand. None of the six makers lists a US price.

On this page
  1. How we chose
  2. Our picks
  3. How to choose
  4. Comparison
  5. FAQs
  6. Bottom line
  7. Review history

A quick look at the quietest air ratchets

An air ratchet runs a socket on a short ratcheting head from shop air, and its cordless cousins do the same from a 12V or 20V battery. The quietest air ratchets below are ranked only on decibel figures their makers print, from the smallest 1/4 in. minis to 90 ft-lb shop tools.

More than thirty 1/4 in. and 3/8 in. ratchets sold in the US come with a maker decibel value that we could match to the US model. They fall into five groups that cannot share one list: ISO 15744 tables from Ingersoll Rand and Chicago Pneumatic, AIRCAT pages with no test named, EN62841-2-2 manuals from Makita and DEWALT, Milwaukee pages with no test named, and one EN60745 sheet.

The picks keep those groups apart, with air tools ranked against air tools and cordless against cordless.

How did we pick these air ratchets?

We kept only ratchets whose makers publish a decibel value we could match to a US model number, then ranked pressure against pressure and power against power, within one test at a time.

We read Ingersoll Rand's US pages and the product information PDFs they link, Chicago Pneumatic's US pages and the manuals in its documentation portal, and AIRCAT's pages on continentaltoolgroup.com, where aircat.com now redirects. For cordless tools we read Makita, DEWALT and Milwaukee US pages, which print no noise figures, and their European manuals or pages, using a European figure only when speed and torque matched the US tool.

DEWALT's 2025 ratchet manual came from copies hosted by European dealers; DEWALT's own servers gave us only the 2022 and 2021 editions. Chicago Pneumatic's CP826, CP828, CP886 and CP824 pages showed no model numbers or figures, and Ingersoll Rand's 105-C3 is not on its US page. We did not reach Sunex, Astro or Snap-on for this edition.

None of the six makers lists a US price: Ingersoll Rand and Chicago Pneumatic use quote forms, and the rest point buyers to dealers. We did not measure any ratchet ourselves. The figures above were copied from maker documents read on November 5, 2026.

QuietSpecs' picks of the quietest air ratchets

Prices as of Nov 5. Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change.

Quietest 3/8 in. air ratchet on ISO 15744, 81.8 dB(A)

Ingersoll Rand 105-D3 3/8 in. Mini Air Ratchet Wrench, 25 ft-lb

Ingersoll Rand 105-D3 3/8 in. Mini Air Ratchet Wrench, 25 ft-lb
  • Noise: Lp 81.8 dB(A), Lw 92.8 dB(A), ISO 15744, K 3 (Ingersoll Rand 45649159)
  • Price: $166.00 at Amazon, checked Nov 5
  • Best for: Interior, dash and engine bay work on small fasteners from shop air
  • Skip it if: You break loose suspension bolts, where the 90 ft-lb CP7830Q fits better

Ingersoll Rand's product information lists the 105-D3 at 81.8 dB(A) sound pressure and 92.8 sound power under ISO 15744, each with 3 dB of uncertainty. No other 3/8 in. air ratchet we found from Ingersoll Rand or Chicago Pneumatic lists less.

The US page prints the same 81.8 as a free speed figure. It is a 1.4 lb mini ratchet, 7.3 in. long, with a lever throttle and 25 ft-lb of torque.

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Shortest air ratchet here, 82 dB(A)

Chicago Pneumatic CP9427 3/8 in. Compact Air Ratchet Wrench (6151919427)

  • Noise: 82 dB(A) LpA, 93 dB(A) LwA, K 3, ISO 15744 (Chicago Pneumatic manual)
  • Price: No maker list price
  • Best for: Reaching behind radiators and inside wheel wells where a long ratchet will not fit
  • Skip it if: You want the single lowest ISO 15744 number, which Ingersoll Rand's 105 Series holds

Chicago Pneumatic's manual for the CP9426 and CP9427 lists 82 dB(A) sound pressure and 93 sound power, citing ISO 15744 and a 3 dB uncertainty, and the US page shows the same pair. That is 0.2 above the Ingersoll Rand 105-D3, well inside the margin.

At 5.04 in. long and 1.08 lb it is the most compact air ratchet in this guide, with 25.8 ft.lbf and 270 rpm.

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Most torque for the noise, 90 ft-lb at 85 dB(A)

Chicago Pneumatic CP7830Q 3/8 in. Air Ratchet Wrench, 90 ft-lb (8941078306)

  • Noise: 85 dB(A) LpA, 96 dB(A) LwA, K 3, EN ISO 15744 (Chicago Pneumatic manual and US page)
  • Price: No maker list price
  • Best for: General shop ratchet work where one tool has to do both rundown and stubborn bolts
  • Skip it if: Your work is mostly small fasteners, where the 105-D3 lists 3.2 dB less

Chicago Pneumatic's manual declares 85 dB(A) sound pressure for the CP7830Q "in accordance with EN ISO 15744", with 11 dB(A) added for sound power, and the US page lists 85 and 96.

That is 3.2 decibels above the 105-D3 with more than three times the torque. The manual adds that turning the exhaust deflector about 180° from the shipped position gives the lowest noise.

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Lowest AIRCAT figure, 76 dBA, no test named

AIRCAT 811 1/4 in. 30 Degree Flex Head Air Ratchet, 35 ft-lb

  • Noise: 76 dBA, no standard named (AIRCAT page and fact sheet)
  • Price: No maker list price
  • Best for: AIRCAT shops that want the brand's lowest printed figure on a 1/4 in. drive
  • Skip it if: A named test matters to you, in which case look at Ingersoll Rand's 105-D3

AIRCAT's page for the 811 prints "Noise Levels (dBA) 76" and says its "silencing technology reduces the tool noise to just 76 d(B)A."

It is the lowest number any air ratchet maker printed for us, but AIRCAT names no test or distance, so it ranks only against other AIRCAT ratchets.

The 811 is a 1/4 in. ratchet with a three position 30° flex head, 35 ft-lbs and 240 RPM.

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Quietest cordless ratchet on EN62841-2-2, 77 dB(A)

Makita XRW01Z 18V LXT Cordless 3/8 in. / 1/4 in. Ratchet, Tool Only

Makita XRW01Z 18V LXT Cordless 3/8 in. / 1/4 in. Ratchet, Tool Only
  • Noise: LpA 77 dB(A), K 3, EN62841-2-2 (Makita EU manual, DWR180)
  • Price: No maker list price
  • Best for: Shops on 18V LXT batteries that want a quiet ratchet without an air line
  • Skip it if: You need more than 35 ft.lbs, where the DEWALT DCF510B gives 75

Through its EU twin, the DWR180, Makita declares 77 dB(A) sound pressure for the XRW01Z under EN62841-2-2, with K 3. The DWR180 matches the US tool on 0 to 800 RPM, 47 N•m and a length of about 369 mm.

That ties the 12V RW01Z and sits 2 decibels under DEWALT's DCF510 in DEWALT's newest manual. Makita prints no sound power figure.

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Quietest 12V ratchet on EN62841-2-2, 77 dB(A)

Makita RW01Z 12V max CXT Cordless 3/8 in. / 1/4 in. Ratchet, Tool Only

Makita RW01Z 12V max CXT Cordless 3/8 in. / 1/4 in. Ratchet, Tool Only
  • Noise: LpA 77 dB(A), K 3, EN62841-2-2 (Makita EU manual, WR100D)
  • Price: $144.67 at Amazon, checked Nov 5
  • Best for: Light under-hood work on Makita's 12V CXT platform
  • Skip it if: You already run 18V LXT, where the XRW01Z declares the same 77

The WR100D, sold in Europe as the RW01Z's twin, has a Makita manual that declares 77 dB(A) sound pressure under EN62841-2-2 with K 3, the same as the 18V XRW01Z.

The two match on 0 to 800 RPM, 47 N•m and 341 mm against the US page's 13-7/16 in. It runs on 12V max CXT slide batteries and weighs 2.35 lbs with one fitted.

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Lowest cordless sound power, 87 dB(A)

DEWALT DCF510B 20V MAX XR Brushless 3/8 in. & 1/2 in. Sealed Head Ratchet, Tool Only

DEWALT DCF510B 20V MAX XR Brushless 3/8 in. & 1/2 in. Sealed Head Ratchet, Tool Only
  • Noise: 79 dB(A) LpA, 87 dB(A) LwA, K 3, EN62841-2-2 (DEWALT 2025 manual); 76 and 87 in the 2022 edition
  • Price: $191.90 at Amazon, checked Nov 5
  • Best for: DEWALT 20V shops that need real torque from a cordless ratchet
  • Skip it if: The lowest pressure figure decides it, where Makita's 77 is steadier

DEWALT's 2025 ratchet manual gives the DCF510 79 dB(A) sound pressure and 87 sound power under EN62841-2-2, K 3. DEWALT's own service site still serves a 2022 edition with 76 and the same 87.

The 87 is the lowest cordless sound power in this guide; Makita prints none. The US DCF510B matches on 0 to 300 RPM and 75 ft-lbs, and its sealed head takes 3/8 in. and 1/2 in. anvils.

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Lowest printed cordless figure, 72 dB(A), no test named

Milwaukee 2457-20 M12 Cordless 3/8 in. Ratchet, Tool Only

Milwaukee 2457-20 M12 Cordless 3/8 in. Ratchet, Tool Only
  • Noise: 72 dB(A) LpA, K 3, no standard named (Milwaukee EU page, M12 IR)
  • Price: $96.99 at Amazon, checked Nov 5
  • Best for: M12 owners who mostly spin small fasteners
  • Skip it if: You need a figure from a named test before buying

On milwaukeetool.eu, the M12 IR sub-compact ratchet shows 72 dB(A) sound pressure with 3 dB of uncertainty, and no sound power or standard.

That makes it the lowest cordless number we found, but without a named test it can only be compared with other Milwaukee figures. The EU tool and the US 2457-20 share 47 Nm (35 ft-lbs), a 3/8 in. drive and 250 rpm.

It has a brushed 12V motor.

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How to choose

New to the units? Read dBA explained or sones vs decibels.

Which air ratchet is the quietest?

Ingersoll Rand's 105-D3 is the quietest 3/8 in. air ratchet on ISO 15744: 81.8 dB(A) sound pressure and 92.8 dB(A) sound power. Its 1/4 in. extended head twin, the 105-L2, lists 81.6.

The 3/8 in. air ratchets with ISO 15744 figures line up this way:

  • Ingersoll Rand 105-D3: 81.8 dB(A)
  • Chicago Pneumatic CP9427: 82 dB(A)
  • Chicago Pneumatic CP825CT: 82 dB(A)
  • Ingersoll Rand 1207MAX-D3: 85.0 dB(A)
  • Chicago Pneumatic CP7829: 85 dB(A)
  • Chicago Pneumatic CP7830Q: 85 dB(A)
  • Ingersoll Rand 1105MAX-D3: 88.9 dB(A)
  • Ingersoll Rand 1211MAX-D3: 91.1 dB(A) at free speed
  • Ingersoll Rand 109XPA: 92.4 dB(A)
  • Ingersoll Rand 107XPA: 94.4 dB(A)
  • Ingersoll Rand 170G: 94.8 dB(A)

Both makers give a 3 dB uncertainty, so the top three are a tie in practice. The 13 decibel spread from top to bottom is not.

Every sound power figure on these sheets sits exactly 11 decibels above its pressure figure, so the power ranking runs in the same order. Chicago Pneumatic says so outright in the CP7830Q manual: "For sound power, add 11 dB(A)."

How do ratchet makers rate noise?

Air ratchet makers that name a test use ISO 15744, and cordless makers use EN62841-2-2 or the older EN60745. AIRCAT and Milwaukee print figures without naming any test.

Air ratchets

Ingersoll Rand's product information sheets carry a "Sound Level dB(A) (ISO15744)" column with pressure and power for each model. Chicago Pneumatic's manuals print LpA and LwA under a "Declaration of noise and vibration statement (ISO 15744 and ISO 28927-2)". Neither maker gives the edition of the standard, so we treat them as one group.

Ingersoll Rand's US pages call the same number a "Free Speed Sound Level", which tells you the tool was running unloaded. The impacting 1211MAX-D3 is the one model with a second figure, 90.6 dB(A) while impacting.

Cordless ratchets

Makita and DEWALT declare their cordless ratchets under EN62841-2-2 in European manuals, and those manuals match the US tools on speed and torque. Ingersoll Rand's R3130 is declared under EN60745, so its 86 dB(A) stays apart.

Pressure is what reaches the operator and power is the tool's total output; our explainer on the two covers why they never share a list.

What is the quietest cordless ratchet?

Makita's XRW01Z and RW01Z share the lowest EN62841-2-2 figure we found, 77 dB(A) sound pressure, declared through their European twins, the DWR180 and WR100D.

On that test the cordless ratchets line up this way, using DEWALT's newest manual:

  • Makita XRW01Z (18V): 77 dB(A)
  • Makita RW01Z (12V): 77 dB(A)
  • DEWALT DCF510B: 79 dB(A)
  • DEWALT DCF520B: 83 dB(A)
  • DEWALT DCF513B: 85 dB(A)

Milwaukee's European pages print 72 dB(A) for the M12 IR, the twin of the US 2457-20, and 81.95 to 84.26 for the M12 FUEL ratchets it sells in the US as the 2560-20, 2557-20 and 2566-20. None of those pages names a test, so Milwaukee ranks only against Milwaukee.

Why did DEWALT's ratchet figures change?

DEWALT gives no reason why its ratchet figures rose between manual editions: the 2022 declaration for the DCF510 gives 76 dB(A) sound pressure and a 2025 manual gives 79, while the DCF513 went from 82 to 85.

Sound power stayed at 87 for the DCF510 and 93 for the DCF513 in both editions. The newer manual also cites an amended part 1 of EN 62841, "EN 62841-1:2015 + A11:2022". We rank the 2025 figures because they are the most recent, and quote the older ones in each entry.

How quiet are AIRCAT ratchets?

AIRCAT prints 76 to 92 dBA across its current ratchets, lowest for the 1/4 in. 811 flex head. Its pages name no test or distance, so those figures rank only against each other.

AIRCAT's brand page promises "Half the Noise." with no reference tool. Its own 3/8 in. models print 81 for the 807 mini palm, 82 for the 801 and 802, 84 for the 805-HT and 88 for the 806.

One page contradicts itself. The 812-RW impacting ratchet claims "only (79 dBA)" in its features and lists 88 in its spec table, so we left it unranked.

Does a more powerful air ratchet make more noise?

Not on these sheets. Chicago Pneumatic's CP7830Q delivers 90 ft.lbf at 85 dB(A), while Ingersoll Rand's 107XPA lists 94.4 dB(A) for 54 ft-lb on the same test.

Inside Ingersoll Rand's own range, the 1207MAX-D3 gives 65 ft-lb at 85.0 and the smaller 1105MAX-D3 gives 30 ft-lb at 88.9. Exhaust design seems to count for more than torque; Chicago Pneumatic's CP7830Q manual says turning the exhaust deflector to "approximately 180° from the as-shipped position" gives its lowest noise.

The same pattern held for impact wrenches, where our impact wrench guide found torque a poor predictor of declared noise.

Are cordless ratchets quieter than air ratchets?

Probably, yet the evidence is indirect, since the two kinds are tested under different standards: Makita's battery pair declares 77 dB(A) under EN62841-2-2, against 81.6 for the lowest ISO 15744 air ratchet.

Ingersoll Rand sells both kinds and still tests them differently. Its 20V R3130 lists 86 dB(A) under EN60745, and its 105-D3 air mini lists 81.8 under ISO 15744.

An air ratchet also needs a compressor running somewhere, which none of these figures include. The air compressor guide ranks that half of the setup, and the die grinder guide covers another tool on the same hose.

Is ear protection needed for an air ratchet?

Yes, wear ear protection with any ratchet in this guide; Makita's manuals for the DWR180 and WR100D carry the line "WARNING: Wear ear protection." Next to their 77 dB(A) declarations, both state "The noise level under working may exceed 80 dB (A)."

Chicago Pneumatic's declarations say its values "are not adequate for use in risk assessments and values measured in individual work places may be higher." Ingersoll Rand advises on site measurements for the same reason. For exposure times at levels like these, see how power tool noise adds up for your hearing.

How the quietest air ratchets compare

ProductNoiseDriveTorqueSpeedPrice
Ingersoll Rand 105-D3Lp 81.8 dB(A), Lw 92.8 dB(A), ISO 15744, K 3 (Ingersoll Rand 45649159)3/8 in.25 ft-lb max (US page)250 rpm free speed (US page)$166.00
Chicago Pneumatic CP9427 (6151919427)82 dB(A) LpA, 93 dB(A) LwA, K 3, ISO 15744 (Chicago Pneumatic manual)3/8 in.25.8 ft.lbf max270 rpm free speedNot verified yet
Chicago Pneumatic CP7830Q (8941078306)85 dB(A) LpA, 96 dB(A) LwA, K 3, EN ISO 15744 (Chicago Pneumatic manual and US page)3/8 in.90 ft.lbf max torque reverse190 rpm free speedNot verified yet
AIRCAT 81176 dBA, no standard named (AIRCAT page and fact sheet)1/4 in., 30° three position flex head35 ft-lbs max, 5 to 24 working240 RPM free speedNot verified yet
Makita XRW01ZLpA 77 dB(A), K 3, EN62841-2-2 (Makita EU manual, DWR180)3/8 in. and 1/4 in. interchangeable35 ft.lbs max0 to 800 RPMNot verified yet
Makita RW01ZLpA 77 dB(A), K 3, EN62841-2-2 (Makita EU manual, WR100D)3/8 in. and 1/4 in. interchangeable35 ft.lbs max0 to 800 RPM$144.67
DEWALT DCF510B79 dB(A) LpA, 87 dB(A) LwA, K 3, EN62841-2-2 (DEWALT 2025 manual); 76 and 87 in the 2022 edition3/8 in. and 1/2 in. anvils75 ft-lbs max0 to 300 RPM$191.90
Milwaukee 2457-2072 dB(A) LpA, K 3, no standard named (Milwaukee EU page, M12 IR)3/8 in.35 ft-lbs max250 RPM (US page overview)$96.99

Prices as of Nov 5. Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change.

Frequently asked questions

What is the quietest air ratchet?

On ISO 15744, Ingersoll Rand's 105 Series: 81.8 dB(A) sound pressure for the 3/8 in. 105-D3 and 81.6 for the 1/4 in. 105-L2. Chicago Pneumatic's CP9427 and CP825CT list 82. AIRCAT prints 76 for its 811 but names no test.

What is the quietest cordless ratchet?

On EN62841-2-2, Makita's 18V XRW01Z and 12V RW01Z, both at 77 dB(A) sound pressure. Milwaukee's M12 2457-20 shows 72 dB(A) on a page that cites no test.

How loud is an air ratchet?

Maker figures for the 3/8 in. air ratchets here run from 81.8 dB(A) sound pressure for Ingersoll Rand's 105-D3 to 94.8 for its 170G, all under ISO 15744. Sound power runs from 92.8 to 105.8 dB(A).

Are cordless ratchets quieter than air ratchets?

Probably, though the two groups are tested to different standards. Makita's battery ratchets declare 77 dB(A) under EN62841-2-2; the lowest air ratchet figure is 81.6 under ISO 15744.

Is AIRCAT quieter than Ingersoll Rand?

We cannot say from the figures. AIRCAT prints 76 to 92 dBA across its ratchets without naming a test, and Ingersoll Rand prints 81.6 to 94.8 under ISO 15744, so the two lists are not comparable.

Do you need ear protection with an air ratchet?

Yes. Both Makita ratchet manuals carry a "Wear ear protection" warning, and Chicago Pneumatic says real workplace values can run higher than the ones it declares.

The bottom line

I assumed the big air ratchets would be the loud ones and the minis the quiet ones. Half right. Ingersoll Rand's little 105-D3 does sit lowest on its test, but Chicago Pneumatic's CP7830Q gives 90 ft-lb at 85 dB(A), while Ingersoll Rand's 54 ft-lb 107XPA lists 94.4. The exhaust design matters more than the motor size.

On the cordless side I trust Makita's two 77 dB(A) declarations more than anything else in the list, because they stayed put. DEWALT's manuals moved by three decibels between editions, and Milwaukee's lowest figure, 72 for the M12 2457-20, names no test at all. I would buy on the Makita numbers and still keep muffs on the bench.

Stanley Alu, founder and editor

What we also considered

These are worth knowing about, and why they didn't make the list.

  • Ingersoll Rand 105-L2 1/4 in. Extended Head Mini Air Ratchet Wrench

    The 1/4 in. extended head 105-L2 lists 81.6 dB(A) under ISO 15744, 0.2 below the 105-D3 and the lowest ISO 15744 figure we found. It is the same 105 Series tool with a longer head, so the 105-D3 pick covers it.

    See it at Amazon

  • Chicago Pneumatic CP825CT 3/8 in. Compact Air Ratchet Wrench (8941082512)

    Chicago Pneumatic's CP825CT lists 82 dB(A) under ISO 15744, the same as the CP9427, with 25.8 ft.lbf in a 6.65 in. body.

    Search Amazon for this model

  • Ingersoll Rand 1207MAX-D3 3/8 in. Air Ratchet Wrench, 65 ft-lb

    Ingersoll Rand's 1207MAX-D3 lists 85.0 dB(A) under ISO 15744 with 65 ft-lb, level with the CP7830Q but with less torque.

    See it at Amazon

  • Chicago Pneumatic CP7829 3/8 in. Compact Air Ratchet Wrench, 70 ft-lb (8941078293)

    The CP7829 lists 85 dB(A) under ISO 15744 with 70.1 ft.lbf in a 10.71 in. body, the same figure as its CP7830Q sibling.

    Search Amazon for this model

  • Ingersoll Rand 1105MAX-D3 3/8 in. Premium Mini Air Ratchet Wrench, 30 ft-lb

    The premium 1105MAX-D3 mini lists 88.9 dB(A), 7.1 decibels above the 105-D3 it is sold beside, for 5 more ft-lb.

    See it at Amazon

  • Ingersoll Rand 107XPA 3/8 in. Standard Air Ratchet Wrench, 54 ft-lb

    Ingersoll Rand's 107XPA lists 94.4 dB(A) under ISO 15744, the 109XPA 92.4 and the 170G 94.8, all near the top of the air ratchet range.

    See it at Amazon

  • Ingersoll Rand R3130 IQV20 20V Cordless 3/8 in. Ratchet

    Ingersoll Rand's 20V R3130 cordless ratchet lists 86 dB(A) and 97 under EN60745, an older test than the one Makita and DEWALT use.

    See it at Amazon

  • AIRCAT 807 3/8 in. Mini Palm Air Ratchet, 35 ft-lb

    AIRCAT's 3/8 in. 807 mini palm ratchet prints 81 dBA with no test named, the lowest AIRCAT figure for a 3/8 in. drive.

    Search Amazon for this model

  • AIRCAT 812-RW 3/8 in. Impacting Air Ratchet, 80 ft-lb

    AIRCAT's 812-RW page says "only (79 dBA)" in its features and 88 in its spec table, so we could not tell which figure applies.

    See it at Amazon

  • DEWALT DCF513B ATOMIC COMPACT SERIES 20V MAX Brushless 3/8 in. Ratchet, Tool Only

    DEWALT's DCF513B declares 85 dB(A) and 93 in its 2025 manual, up from 82 in the 2021 edition, with 70 ft-lbs.

    See it at Amazon

  • Milwaukee 2557-20 M12 FUEL 3/8 in. Ratchet, Tool Only

    Milwaukee's M12 FUEL 2557-20 lists 82.6 dB(A) and 93.6 with no standard named, 10.6 decibels above the brushed 2457-20.

    Search Amazon for this model

How we reviewed this article

Every statement here comes from the 39 maker documents, standards and agency pages listed under Sources, quoted where the wording matters. We did not measure, inspect or repair anything ourselves. Each substantive revision is dated below. How we work

  1. Current version

    First published, written by Stanley Alu.

Sources

Every figure on this page was read on one of the pages below. We did not measure anything ourselves.

All 39 sources
Manufacturer pages and manuals for every product

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